How to Analyze Sources and Information

How to Analyze Sources and In changeationBy Riley Kohl Today, we live in a world that runs on info. culture is gathered, shargond, bought, and sold. More and more, individuals are consuming large amounts of knowledge and using it to shape themselves and the way they perceive the world around them. In our journey to get hold of new heights of understanding, we construct for ourselves a tall watchtower, with each brick being a new portion of information. Far too often, however, we dont ask ourselves a crucial question what if this new brick has cracks? My goal is to explain why you need to be able to appraise the quality of the information you consume and to give you the tools to do so reliably and efficiently.A Growing NeedOne of the around commonly used rootages of information is the news, specifically the mainstream media. In recent years, there has been a gradual, observable decline in the quality of journalism. Noticing this, the American the great unwashed have subsequen tly displayed a gradual decline in the level of trust they place in the mainstream medias ability to account statement information in a trustworthy and unbiased manner. In a Gallup crown conducted in 2016 with a random sample of 1,020 adults, only 32% professed to having a great deal or a fairamount of trust in the mainstream media.1 A graph of this trend is provided in descriptor 1.A Practical DemonstrationIn frame to better grasp the methodologies of information analysis, and the need for such(prenominal) skills, a practical demonstration is best. On November 20, 2015, CNN make an article alleging that President-elect Donald Trump made a classical statement regarding the implementation of a Muslim database.2 Several hours later, an article was unveiled by the Gateway pundit citeing that the conclusions presented by the CNN article were based on falsified evidence.3 Figure 2 provides a side- by-side view of the article headlines.This leads to the first, and most important, hypercritical rule of information analysis no source is above scrutiny because no source is infallible. CNN is a major media outlet. The first reaction of the average person would be to simply trust them over the Gateway Pundit, a relatively unknown source. The CNN article likewise provides a mental picture which seems to support the claim presented in the headline. The two most notable arguments presented by the Gateway Pundit article are that the CNN video is heavily edited and that the reporter deliberately pushed a vague, unspecific question. The first step the reader essential take at this point is to watch, or re-watch, the CNN video. It is clear that the video is edited, but this practice is not unusual. Videos provided in articles and reports are often edited for time purposes, cutting out unnecessary information in order to deliver the important information in a timely manner.Thus, we arrive at the second critical rule when in doubt, consult the rude(a) data. This is not always an easy task. In scientific reports, the raw data is often extensive or presented in a format that is difficult for laymen to understand. News articles, on the other hand, often draw their data from raw video or official statements. Given the positions presented by the two articles, at most only one and only(a) of them can be correct. Therefore, at least one of these articles must be false. The result of this is that a person who believes the false article will likely form an opinion on Donald Trump, then a Presidential candidate. This newly assimilated information might affect a choice of action taken by the reader, such as who they vote for, which could have consequences as large as deciding the next political leader of the United States of America. Placed in this perspective, it is clear that information and misinformation can be a powerful, dangerous forces. It is imperative that they are properly evaluated by the readers.Methodologies for judge InformationSome of the simplest methods for appraising the quality of an information source involve asking basic questions. These include positive(p) whether or the not source is unbiased, comprehensive, current, and clear.4 While the latter questions are fairly simple, the question of bias is a tricky beat to handle. Bias is fundamentally difficult to avoid when writing, or choosing not to write, articles or reports. These are written by human beings, who have their own ingrained outlooks and opinions on the world.Additionally, the existence of bias extends out-of-door the article itself, into the meta realm of publication. There can exist a bias in what information is published and what information is not. A news outlet might choose to only report on the reservoirized scandals of a political figure and publish nothing regarding their accomplishments. Even though the published articles may be true, the bias still exists.A very common misconception is that the authorship of an information source i s a technical measure of its quality or trustworthiness. While this can serve as a significant, time-saving shortcut, it can also lull the reader into a false sense of security. The most well-respected news outlet can publish erroneous articles, and the most sensational tabloid can publish articles containing nothing but the truth.A terminal concept to note, before proceeding to a more orderly listing of methodologies, is the writing itself. The writing styles of information sources can vary widely based on their intended audience and purpose. A scientific report on geo synthetical predictions based on survey data will vary in carriage and meld from a news article reporting on a recent crime wave. patronage this, the hallmark of a good article lies with its objective reasoning. There should be a clear logical flow from the raw information being cited to the final conclusions drawn and presented by the author.5 Faulty logic or subtle fallacies can take factual evidence and output misleading conclusions.A Simple Checklist for Appraising SourcesAsk yourself the three Cs Is it comprehensive, clear, and current?Look to see if the source has a logical flow of objective reasoning.Identify the purpose of the article. What is the writer trying to convey?Identify any potential for bias. Does the author have an underlying motive?Cross-reference with alternative sources.Consult the raw data if necessary.Remember that is is very well to decide that no definitive conclusions can be drawn from insufficient sources.Works Cited1 Gallup, Inc. Americans Trust in Mass Media Sinks to New Low.Gallup.com. N.p., 14 Sept. 2016. Web. 05 Jan. 2017.2 Trump would certainly implement national database for U.S. Muslims.CNN. Cable News Network, 20 Nov. 2015. Web. 06 Jan. 2017.3 Hoft, Jim. THEY LIED Media Edited Video to Claim Donald Trump Said to Register All Muslims (Video).TheGatewayPundit. N.p., 21 Nov. 2015. Web. 06 Jan. 2017.4 Markel, Michael H. Practicalstrategiesfortechnicalcommu nication. world-class ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2013. Print.5 LibGuides Critically Analyzing Information Sources Critical Appraisal and Analysis.CriticalAppraisaland AnalysisCriticallyAnalyzingInformationSourcesLibGuidesatCornellUniversity. N.p., 27 May 2016. Web. 05 Jan. 2017.